Female participation increases and gender segregation. ESRI WP564, May 2017

This article examines the impact of a large increase in female participation on occupational segregation. Increases in female participation may decrease occupational segregation if women enter male dominated sectors but may increase segregation if they enter already female dominated sectors. Using Ireland as a test case due to the recent large increase in female participation rates, we firstly carry out a decomposition analysis between 1991 and 2006 and find that the rise in female employment was driven predominantly by increased demand while between one tenth and one fifth of the rise was due to women increasing their share of occupational employment. Formal measures of segregation show that occupational segregation fell over this time period. The formal measures of segregation show that the level of occupational grouping is important with stagnation or smaller falls in segregation using a broad occupational grouping and sharper falls using a more detailed occupational grouping. Our findings support previous U.S. research that found a rise in female participation resulted in a decline in occupational segregation

Perception Factors, Intentions and Attitudes with Market Community Participation to Prevent Occupational Diseases

An Occupational Disease was a disease caused by work or work environment. One of the efficient and effective strategies for controlling Occupational Disease was the empowerment and participation of the community called Occupational Health Unit (Pos UKK) in the workplace. Based on the data of market health inspection in Pos UKK Imogiri market in March 2017, there were only 67 participants (19.17%) from 365 invited people.: The purpose of this research was to know the internal factors with the community participation in Pos UKK Imogiri market Bantul. This research was a quantitative analytic research with cross sectional design. The population was 365 people and the sample was 150 respondents. The sampling used purposive sampling technique. Kendall Tau test showed that there was a relation between perception and community participation (p value <0.05, r = 0.677); Intentions related to community participation (p value <0.05 r = 0.486); Attitudes related to community participation (p value <0.05 , r= 0.802). F test result showed that the variables of Perception, Intentions and Attitudes related simultaneously to community participation (F value = 387.41> F table = 2.67). The dominant independent variable was Attitudes with the highest Standard Beta Coefficient value was 0.776. Perceptions, Intentions and Attitudes related both partially and simultaneously to community participation; the independent variable that had dominant influence was Attitudes

A new look at gender effects in participation and occupation choice

The growth in female labour participation and occupational attainment represents the most dramatic feature of labour markets in the second half of the twentieth century. This has been due in part to developments in social attitudes and the consequent changes in the prices attached to women's characteristics, and in part to changes in those characteristics themselves. This paper analyses these issues by constructing models of participation and occupational choice for the years 1970 and 1990, and then by evaluating which participation and occupation regimes would have been selected by respondents with the characteristics of women observed in 1970 had they faced the coefficients which obtained in 1990. It is established that changing prices accounts for a substantial part of the improvement in women's fortunes in the labour market. To provide a basis of comparison, the model is also estimated for men. Choices concerning occupational and labour market participation are modelled using both the standard multinomial

Factors supporting and hindering the participation of people with mental health problems in leisure

Although leisure is recognised as a key aspect of occupational therapy, few studies have explored it in relation to people with enduring mental health problems. Using a qualitative design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 participants with mental health problems living in the community, randomly selected from clients referred to a local assertive outreach service in South-East England. Initially, the data were analysed for content and the phrases, language and words used; subsequently, emerging themes were identified, which were confirmed by a second occupational therapist. The three themes arising from the data reported here were the number and range of occupations engaged in, the factors enabling participation in leisure and the factors hindering participation in leisure. The range of leisure occupations was similar to that noted in the literature. The main enabling factor was having an adequate network of people to provide support, while the main hindering factors were physical limitations, lack of finances and lack of transport. In the absence of paid employment, leisure was important to the clients. Occupational therapists need to recognise that enhancing the factors enabling participation in leisure and assisting clients to overcome the factors hindering participation in leisure will lead to the increased wellbeing of people with enduring mental health problems

Economic Reform and Changing Patterns of Labor Force Participation in Urban and Rural China

In this project, we employ data from the Chinese population censuses of 1982, 1990, and 2000 to examine reform-era changes in the patterns of male and female labor force participation and in the distribution of men’s and women’s occupational attainment. Very marked patterns of change in labor force participation emerge when we disaggregate the data by age cohort, marital status, sex, and rural/urban location. Women have decreased their labor force participation more than men, and urban women much more than rural women. Single young people in urban areas have decreased their labor force participation to stay in school to a much greater extent than single young people in rural areas. The urban elderly have decreased their rates of labor force participation while the rural elderly have increased theirs. We also find evidence of the feminization of agriculture.China, labor force participation, economic reform, occupational attainment, population censuses

Serving High-Risk Youth in Context: Perspectives from Hong Kong

Background: High-risk youth are often defined in occupational therapy terminology as adolescents and young adults who experience personal, contextual, or environmental barriers to effective participation in healthy, age-appropriate occupations. Without assistance for participation, these youth may acquiesce to daily routines of unhealthy risk-taking or isolation, failing to achieve developmental milestones needed for successful transition to adulthood. There are known therapeutic services targeting this population, but occupational therapy involvements have been sparsely documented. Method: Having been affiliated with a community-based occupational therapy program serving high-risk youth for many years in the US, the principal investigator of the study used a sabbatical opportunity to explore services provided to high-risk youth in Hong Kong (HK). This paper reports preliminary findings obtained from an exploratory study of analyzing transcripts of 13 one-on-one interviews with service providers in HK. Results: Two major themes are discussed in this paper: the prevalent behavioral risks among high-risk youth as perceived by the service providers and the intervention approaches used by the service providers with the high-risk youth population in HK. Conclusion: Reflecting on the preliminary outcome of the study, the authors suggest that occupational therapy may contribute to mitigating youths’ risk factors through ecological occupational engagement

Parents\u27 Goals: An Analysis of Therapist Reasoning

Purpose: Illustrate the use of DDDM to develop parent-identified goals for occupational therapy and to identify underlying sensory integration factors hypothesized to be impacting participation

Promoting Independence Through Effective Interventions For Adults With ALS

PICO Question What are effective occupational therapy interventions for adults with ALS to improve participation in ADLs/IADLs? Objectives Define amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and recognize the prevalence Identify and describe evidence-based interventions to promote independence for individuals with ALS in activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) Discuss how the current literature on the effective interventions impacts occupational performance and treatment of adults with AL

Cultural Inheritance, Gender, and Intergenerational Occupational Mobility: Evidence from a Developing Economy

This paper presents evidence on intergenerational occupational mobility from agriculture to the nonfarm sector using survey data from Nepal with a focus on the role played by cultural inheritance and gender norms. In the absence of credible instruments, the degree of selection on observables is used as a guide to the degree of selection on unobservables ´a la Altonji et. al. (2005) to address the unobserved genetic correlations. The results show that cultural inheritance plays a causal role in intergenerational occupational correlation between the mother and daughter. In contrast, there is no robust evidence that cultural inheritance is important for sons’ occupation choice. A moderate genetic correlation can easily explain away the estimated partial correlation in non-farm participation between the father and a son.Intergenerational Occupational Correlations, Non-Farm Participation, Gender effect, Cultural Inheritance, Selection on Observables, Selection on Unobservables

The issue is... the occupational therapist’s role in addressing the silent sequelae associated with cancer-related cognitive dysfunction among survivors of cancer

The National Comprehensive Cancer Network identified occupational therapy as a first line of intervention for the treatment of cancer-related cognitive dysfunction (CRCD) (National Comprehensive Cancer Network [NCCN], 2016). Thus, occupational therapists have an opportunity to develop interventions that facilitate participation in meaningful occupations for survivors of cancer living with CRCD. In this article, we argue for occupational therapists to create occupation- and evidence-based, client-centered interventions for survivors of cancer with CRCD that address the multidimensional presentation of CRCD. One survivor’s story illustrates the affect of CRCD on occupational performance and the features to consider when developing interventions to meet the unique needs of survivors of cancer with CRCD. We recommend that interventions can be provided through self-paced home programming, community settings, or delivered through modes such as tele-rehabilitation to reach the growing population of survivors of cancer